Virtual Touch
Mathematical functions are used to define various tangible physical properties (elasticity, friction, viscosity, and force fields) as well as geometry (curves, surfaces and solid objects), and visual appearance (3D colors and geometric textures) of the virtual objects.

A function-based extension of X3D and VRML which allows for defining complex geometry, appearance and haptic effects in virtual scenes by functions and common polygon-based models, with various object sizes, mutual penetrations, variable precision, and arbitrary location of the observer.

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Virtual Patient
3D web-enabled talking head with artificial intelligence brain plays a role of a patient. The virtual patient delivers professionally edited medical cases that can be realistically studied by the trainees in chat conversation and interactive medical examinations over the web.










Virtual Palpation
Image-based virtual palpation training tool uses desktop haptic device to deliver force-feedback to the trainee’s hand while performing abdominal palpation on a virtual patient. Various medical cases can be simulated without going to costly 3D modeling.










Tangible Arthroscopy
Actual arthroscopic images are made tangible to simulate surgical procedures including meniscus repairing and ligament replacement. Two desktop haptic devices are used to control motion of the surgical camera and instruments.










Virtual Venipuncture
Image-based virtual venipuncture training tool uses desktop haptic device to deliver force-feedback to the trainee’s hand while performing insertion of the needle into the virtual patient arm. The whole procedure is simulated for various cases.










Adaptive Rehabilitation Game
Adaptive rehabilitation game for post-stroke patient recovery was developed using electro-encephalographic (EEG) and haptic technologies. The level of the game difficulty is adapted according to the patient emotions recognized in real-time from the EEG signals.



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