The Biological and Biomimetic Materials Laboratory (BBML) is guided by Prof. Ali Miserez. We study natural multifunctional materials that feature unique (or combination of) properties not achieved in man-made materials. Nature processes complex, tailored, structural materials, in an aqueous environment under ambient temperature and pressure (or less) using natural compounds. These naturally selected, time-tested biomaterials are recognized as powerful model systems, and their energy-efficient synthesis confers the motivation for our research. Understanding the underlying “green chemistry” can potentially offer sustainable alternatives to engineer existing as well as new materials. We endeavor to mimic these key structural, biochemical, and physicochemical principles that are discovered in the model systems and envision to overcome scientific challenges in diverse fields.
We discover and explore employing biomimetic-thinking methodologically using a multidisciplinary approach. Critical technological and scientific breakthroughs in the past allow us to brainstorm and study biological structures in a refined way. We identify and characterize proteins in the natural materials; recreate their synthetic analogs applying design strategies to emulate functional mimicries. For this, we accumulate creative ideas and techniques, adopted from:
Biochemistry: Protein identification, isolation, sequencing, recombinant protein expression.
Biophysics: Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, single-molecule force spectroscopy.
Material's characterization: Micro-nano structure, mechanical properties at various length scales, structure-process-property relationships.
Accelerating the design of biomimetic materials by integrating RNA-seq with proteomics and materials science, Nature Biotechnology, 2013.
Bioelastomers in nature are fascinating materials because some of them own unique combinations of structural and physicochemical properties. In our lab, we explore the bioelastomers that derive their properties from coiled-coil proteins, such as the marine snail's egg capsules capable of effective dissipation of tidal energy.
Learn more.
The projects focus to counter marine biofouling problems, which causes a significant economic and environmental impact. We understudy the adhesive proteins of marine foulers that drive the robust underwater adhesion. Efforts are also directed towards the development of methods to assess fouling and anti-adhesive coatings.
Learn more.
Unlike hard tissues, nature also employs dense protein cross-linking, and/or formation of polysaccharide/protein complexes to impart strength and wear-resistance functionalities. Recognition of this novel paradigm offers for characterization, biomimetic synthesis of robust and biocompatible structural polymers with little or no mineral content.
Learn more.
Projects explore biomineralized composites with unexpected inorganic materials that are assembled in a highly controlled manner exhibiting tailored functionalities. We also engage in developing in situ mechanical testing methods to reveal structure-properties relationships across multiple length scales.
Learn more.
Liquid-liquid phase separation gives rise to fluidic droplets, which are found across multiple length scales of the biological media. By performing highly differentiated functions, these droplets act as dynamic “membraneless organelles” that allow the living system to rapidly assemble (and disassemble) molecular collectives and switch on –or turn off– new functionalities.
Learn more.Redox-responsive peptide assemblies for precision theranostic,Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2026.
Synthetic Hagfish Slime Hydrogels With Hyper‐Extensibility, Swellability and Self‐healing in Seawater,Advanced Functional Materials, 2026.
Single-molecule mass measurements uncover shifting RNA interactions during condensate phase transitions,bioRxiv, 2026.
An Isotope-Induced Polarity Bias in Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry,ACS Measurement Science Au, 2026.
Peptide Coacervate–Mediated siRNA Delivery for Dual PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade to Enhance Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy,Biomaterials, 2026.
Peptide–Amphiphile Complex Coacervates for High-Capacity Genetic Material Delivery Under Physiological Conditions,Acta Biomaterialia, 2026.
Modulation of liposome membranes by the C-terminal domain of the coronavirus envelope protein,bioRxiv, 2026.
Retinal gene therapies for inherited ocular diseases: Translational delivery strategies from bench to bedside,Journal of Controlled Release, 2026.
Detection of nitroaromatic explosives in water using conjugated polythiophenes with tunable side-chain lengths,Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2026.
Silicon exaptation discovers antimicrobial peptides,bioRxiv, 2026.
Hybrid Amyloid–Boron Nitride Aerogels for Lightweight Sound Insulation,Advanced Materials, 2026.
Living organs as micro‐factories: material‐producing organoids,Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews, 2026.
Nanoscale Wetting and Mechanical Characterization of Peptide Coacervates on Supported Lipid Bilayers by Atomic Force Microscopy,Small Methods, 2026.
Peptide coacervates as intracellular delivery vehicles for synergistic cancer photothermal-and chemo-therapies,APL bioengineering, 2025.
Polyethylene-Glycol-Conjugated Peptide Coacervates with Tunable Size for Intracellular mRNA Delivery,ACS nano, 2025.
Next-generation materials for nucleic acid delivery,Nature Reviews Materials, 2025.
Engineered Peptide Coacervates Enable Efficient Intracellular Delivery of the MYC Inhibitor omoMYC,Molecular Pharmaceutics, 2025.
Bacterial XopR subverts RIN4 complex-mediated plant immunity via plasma membrane-associated percolation,Developmental Cell, 2025.
Conserved leucine-rich repeat proteins in the adhesive projectile slime of velvet worms,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2025.
Organoids Producing Materials,ChemRxiv, 2025.
Coacervating proteins stick like a tick,Nature Chemistry, 2025.
Peptide-based complex coacervates stabilized by Cation− π interactions for cell engineering,Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2025.
Trifluoroacetic Acid as a Molecular Probe for the Dense Phase in Liquid–Liquid Phase-Separating Peptide Systems,Analytical Chemistry, 2024.
Phase-separating peptide coacervates with programmable material properties for universal intracellular delivery of macromolecules,Nature Communications, 2024.
Cellular uptake of phase-separating peptide coacervates,Advanced Science, 2024.
Self-assembly of peptide nanocapsules by a solvent concentration gradient,Nature Nanotechnology, 2024.
Proton conductivity of the protein-based velvet worm slime,Iscience, 2024.
Accelerated engineering of ELP-based materials through hybrid biomimetic-de novo predictive molecular design,Advanced Materials, 2024.
Fluid protein condensates for bio-inspired applications,Nature Reviews Bioengineering, 2024.
Barnacle cement protein as an efficient bioinspired corrosion inhibitor,Communications Materials, 2024.
pH-dependent interactions of coacervate-forming histidine-rich peptide with model lipid membranes,Frontiers in Soft Matter, 2024.
Tuning the viscoelastic properties of peptide coacervates by single amino acid mutations and salt kosmotropicity,Communications Chemistry, 2024.
Copper decontamination using feather keratin amyloid-carbon hybrid membranes,American Chemical Society, 2024.
Bioinspired Squid Peptides─ A Tale of Curiosity-Driven Research Leading to Unforeseen Biomedical Applications,American Chemical Society, 2023
Fluid protein condensates for bio-inspired applications,Nature Reviews Bioengineering, 2023.
Biomineralization of mantis shrimp dactyl club following molting: Apatite formation and brominated organic components,Acta biomaterialia, 2023.
Renewable Energy from Livestock Waste Valorization: Amyloid-Based Feather Keratin Fuel Cells,ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2023.
Redox-Responsive Phase-Separating Peptide as a Universal Delivery Vehicle for CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Machinery,ACS nano, 2023.
Monitoring Disassembly and Cargo Release of Phase-Separated Peptide Coacervates with Native Mass Spectrometry,Analytical Chemistry, 2023.
Phase-Separating Peptides Recruiting Aggregation-Induced Emission Fluorogen for Rapid E. coli Detection,Analytical Chemistry, 2023.
Flexible design in the stomatopod dactyl club,IUCrJ, 2023.
Biomineralization in Barnacle Base Plate in Association with Adhesive Cement Protein,ACS Applied Bio Materials, 2023.
Peptide-based liquid droplets as emerging delivery vehicles,Nature Reviews Materials, 2023.
Modulation of Mechanical Properties of Short Bioinspired Peptide Materials by Single Amino-Acid Mutations, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2023.
Biomineralization in Barnacle Base Plate in Association with Adhesive Cement Protein,ACS Applied Bio Materials, 2023.
Peptide-based liquid droplets as emerging delivery vehicles,Nature Reviews Materials, 2023.
Modulation of Mechanical Properties of Short Bioinspired Peptide Materials by Single Amino-Acid Mutations, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2023.
Rapeseed Cake Valorization into Bioplastics Based on Protein Amyloid Fibrils, Advanced Materials Technologies, 2023.
Protein-Based Biological Materials: Molecular Design and Artificial Production, Chemical Reviews, 2023.
Harnessing Gradients for Self-Assembly of Peptide-Based Nanocapsules: A Pathway to Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, bioRxiv, 2023.
Squid Suckerin-Spider Silk Fusion Protein Hydrogel for Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome to Chronic Wounds, Advanced Healthcare Materials, 2023.
Interplay Between Interfacial Energy, Contact Mechanics, and Capillary Forces in EGaIn Droplets, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2022.
Phase-Separating Peptides for Direct Cytosolic Delivery and Redox-Activated Release of Macromolecular Therapeutics, Nature Chemistry, 2022.
Disorder–Order Interplay of a Barnacle Cement Protein Triggered by Interactions with Calcium and Carbonate Ions: A Molecular Dynamics Study, Chemistry of Materials, 2020.
Magnetically responsive peptide coacervates for dual hyperthermia and chemotherapy treatments of liver cancer, Acta Biomaterialia, 2020.
Hydrogen bond guidance and aromatic stacking drive liquid-liquid phase separation of intrinsically disordered histidine-rich peptides, Nature Communications, 2019.
Glucose-Responsive Peptide Coacervates with High Encapsulation Efficiency for Controlled Release of Insulin, Bioconjugate Chemistry, 2018.
Preventing mussel adhesion using lubricant-infused materials, Science, 2017.
Squid suckerin microneedle arrays for tunable drug release, Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2017.
Mussel adhesion is dictated by time-regulated secretion and molecular conformation of mussel adhesive proteins, Nature Communications, 2015.
The Mantis Shrimp Saddle: A Biological Spring Combining Stiffness and Flexibility, Advanced Functional Materials, 2015.
Multi-scale thermal stability of a hard thermoplastic protein-based material, Nature Communications, 2015.
The role of quasi-plasticity in the extreme contact damage tolerance of the stomatopod dactyl club, Nature Materials, 2015.
Infiltration of chitin by protein coacervates defines the squid beak mechanical gradient, Nature Chemical Biology, 2015.
From Soft Self-Healing Gels to Stiff Films in Suckerin-Based Materials Through Modulation of Crosslink Density and β-Sheet Content, Advanced Materials, 2015.
Biological materials and molecular biomimetics – filling up the empty soft materials space for tissue engineering applications, Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2015.
Textured fluorapatite bonded to calcium sulphate strengthen stomatopod raptorial appendages, Nature Communications, 2014.
Accelerating the design of biomimetic materials by integrating RNA-seq with proteomics and materials science, Nature Biotechnology, 2013.
Phase Transition-Induced Elasticity of α-helical Bioelastomeric Fibres and Networks, Chemical Society Reviews, 2013.
Cross-linking Chemistry of Squid Beak, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2010.
Microstructural and Biochemical Characterization of the Nanoporous Sucker Rings from Dosidicus gigas, Advanced Materials, 2009.
Non-entropic and reversible long-range deformation of an encapsulating bioelastomer, Nature Materials, 2009.
The Transition from Stiff to Compliant Materials in Squid Beaks, Science, 2008.
Effects of Laminate Architecture on Fracture Resistance of Sponge Biosilica: Lessons from Nature, Advanced Functional Materials, 2008
With an interdisciplinary team and collaborations (local and international) we have access to comprehensive methods, specialized instruments, and skills for research advancement.
Our latest work, "Peptide Coacervates with Cathepsin B-Triggered Intracellular Cargo Release" explores peptide coacervates formed by liquid to liquid phase separation as intracellular carriers with tunable flow behavior, selective cargo uptake and efficient cell entry. By encoding protease sensitive motifs directly into the phase separating peptides, we aim for localized enzyme driven disassembly without broad changes in acidity, salt, heat or redox state. Since enzyme action inside dense droplets is limited by poor partitioning and hidden cleavage sites, classic linkers lose function while our new motif FRFV shaped by cathepsin B preferences stays active and releases cargo inside cancer cells. This shows that cleavage motifs must be redesigned for the dense phase, giving a rational route to smart peptide droplets for targeted intracellular delivery.
Warm congratulations to our PhD student Chen Zilin on her first author paper in Biomaterials on soft peptide droplets that wake immune cells to fight bowel cancer. Her work on dual silencing of both sides of the checkpoint handshake was featured in NTU news and showed strong tumor control on par with antibody treatment in preclinical models. We are so proud of this wonderful achievement and grateful to all collaborators.
Inspired by the hagfish, a humble ocean dweller that instantly releases amazingly tough and stretchy slime to stay safe from predators. As presented in our paper "Synthetic Hagfish Slime Hydrogels With Hyper‐Extensibility, Swellability and Self‐healing in Seawater," we have recreated that wonder in our lab as a soft lifelike gel that adores seawater, stretches beautifully, and mends itself. Activated by the natural minerals already present in the sea, it grows stronger when pulled, just like real slime but even tougher. It is simple to prepare, easy to shape and full of promise for the future of gentle and resilient materials.
Most bowel tumors hide from the immune system by switching off attacking immune cells, so current checkpoint drugs rarely work for this common tumor type. As described in our recent work "Peptide coacervate–mediated siRNA delivery for dual PD-1/PD-L1 blockade to enhance colorectal cancer immunotherapy," we built soft peptide droplets that deliver silencing RNA to both sides of the problem, quieting the off switch on tumor cells and the matching brake on immune cells. Guided by an immune seeking tag, our droplets find T cells easily, wake them up and boost their attack signals, while untargeted droplets disarm tumor cells in parallel. Together in living models, this dual silencing brings more active immune cells into the tumor, restores local immunity and slows tumor growth, opening a hopeful path for hard to treat bowel cancer.
Delivering gene medicine without viruses is hard, as carriers must hold a lot, stay stable in the body and still release cleanly inside cells, especially in guarded places like the eye. As described in our paper "Peptide–amphiphile complex coacervates for high-capacity genetic material delivery under physiological conditions," we created soft peptide droplets that form on their own in the body using a simple programmable design boosted by a natural helper molecule for extra strength. Tough outside yet smart inside, they stay intact in blood like surroundings and changing conditions, then gently fall apart once inside cells to free their cargo without harsh escape tricks. Kind to delicate retinal layers and red blood cells, they carry even very large gene instructions and switch them on, opening a hopeful route from small RNA toward future large gene treatments for the eye and beyond.
Small peptide droplets hold great promise for carrying medicine into cells, yet success depends on how they touch, spread and press on cell membranes. As described in our paper "Nanoscale Wetting and Mechanical Characterization of Peptide Coacervates on Supported Lipid Bilayers by Atomic Force Microscopy," we built a gentle fluid based probe that lets us feel single droplets on membrane like surfaces while viewing them in lifelike detail. Using a tunable peptide family, we show that droplet makeup, cargo and membrane type change how they wet and how soft or firm they feel. This reveals simple physical rules for smarter delivery design and gives a new way to study soft droplets where biology truly happens.
We are always looking for outstanding researchers. Please contact Prof. Ali Miserez (ALI.MISEREZ@ntu.edu.sg), attach your CV and state your reason for applying. You may also apply via the links indicated
We are currently looking for research fellows/senior research fellows to work on an exciting interdisciplinary project in the area of protein-based biopolymers, with an overarching goal to produce eco-friendly and biodegradable biopolymers. See the links below for more details on the job scope and requirements.
+6563168979
Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science (CBSS), 50 Nanyang Drive, Research Techno Plaza (RTP), Level 6, X-Frontier Block, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 637553.