Tank 1 - 4ft (old)
Tank 1 - 5ft (current)
Tank 2 - 2ft (old)
Tank 2 - 2.5ft (old)
Tank 2 - 3.5ft (old)
Tank 2 - 3.5ft (current)
Tank 3 - 1.5ft (old)
Tank 3 - 2.5ft (current)

I always wanted to set up a tank of plants and fish since my childhood but the plants always died in the end. After being inspired by my friend's planted tank, I was surprised to learn that he actually pump in CO2 for the plants! And the gadgets and test kits probably sparked my interest further.

Through the internet, I learnt of mixing yeast and sugar to generate CO2. How ingenious! And found that so many people around the world share the past time... especially in Singapore where it is also an important centre for the aquatic trade.

Probably another thing that spark my interest is that I live in a high-rise flat without a garden to play around. So the tank has been my canvas for landscaping.

Keeping a planted tank is certainly more challenging. We have to read up on biology, chemistry and I even learnt how to wire up a flourescent light!

I don't have much info in this page but I think I have got great links to others. Check it out.

Koah Fong
22 Feb 2001

Planted tank 1 (old)

This tank is kept at home. Given to me by my brother-in-law who gave up his discus hobby. I get to keep one surviving discus!

Date setup	15-July-2000
Date disassembled	26-Oct-2002 (Lifespan: 2 yrs 3 mths)
Tank dimensions	4'x1.5'x1.5' (67 gallons, 254 litres)
Substrate	some crushed coral chips and pH neutral sand, Sera Floradepot plant base
Filter	Eheim ECCO 2235
Lighting	216W (3.1 W/Gal) consisting of: 6 x 36W AEC PL 6500K
Lighting duration	10 hours / day
pH	~ 6.8 - 7
kH	~ 5 - 7 dkH, attributed to the crushed coral sand
CO2	~11-19 ppm. Reference the charts at CO2 concentration table (The Krib) and CO2 concentration table (Tropica). DIY CO2 using setup at CO2 Generator and Reactor and recipe from Wayne Jones. It lasts about 4 to 5 weeks for my case. I also use a Taiwan made CO2 reactor (the one with 3 bio balls) to dissolve the CO2 better.
Fertilisation	Dr. Mallick's Trace Element Mix for Aquatic Plants - about SGD$14.40 for 500ml. "Ocean Free" Root Monsters.
Water change	30% weekly
Fish	Cardinal Tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi) (35) Chinese Algae-eater (1) Clown Loach (Botia macracantha) (4) Discus (6) Lyre-tailed Swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri) (12) Dwarf Suckermouth Catfish (Otocinclus Affinis) (15) Serpae Tetra (4) "false" Siamese Algae Eater (1) Siamese Algae Eater (2) Papiliochromis/Microgeophagus ramirezi (male), female (4) Shrimps (~15) Yamato shrimps (~20) Ramshorn Snails and Malaysian Trumpet Snails
Plants (plants in bold are growing very well)	Anubias barteri v. barteri Anubias barteri v. nana Bacopa monnieria Ceratophyllum demersum Just let it lie on the surface. Some Cryptocoryne species, two of them I think are: Cryptocoryne balansae Cryptocoryne wendtii "Green" Echinodorus bleheri (paniculatus) Produced 7 plantlets already! Echinodorus parviflorus 'Tropica' Makes a nice, slow-growing foreground plant. Echinodorus quadricostatus "magdalenensis" Echinodorus tenellus Hope they spread to form a carpet. Hygrophila polysperma Gratiola sp. Microsorium pteropus 'Windeløv' Riccia fluitans Sagittaria subulata I seem to have 2 varieties. One long (up to 20cm) and one shorter (up to 10cm). Salvinia ariculata Vallisneria tortifolia And of course ... algae!
Past Plants	Aponogeton crispus Growing too fast. Bacopa caroliniana This plant is growing at the shoots but the lower leaves keep withering. I think it needs softer water. Blyxa japonica Keeps rotting at the base. I guess insufficient light. Cabomba caroliniana Growing too fast. Cabomba furcata It "grew like mad" but don't know why it died off. Ceratopteris thalictroides Growing too fast. And I dislike the way new plants break away. Echinodorus macrophyllus Grown a little big for the tank. I didn't know it was this plant when I bought. Egeria Densa Growing too fast. Eusteralis stellata Tried out this reddish plant. Cannot grow. Need much more light. I think also attacked at the stem by the Clown Loaches. Hemianthus micranthemoides Died off after an outbreak of blue-green algae. Hydrotriche hottoniiflora Not growing well. Kept having algae at bottom of plant. Pulled it out. Hygrophila corymbosa "Stricta" Hygrophila difformis Growing too fast. Lemna minor (Duckweed) Hope I have cleared the tank of them. Lilaeopsis brasiliensis Not growing or dying. Guess it needs a lot of light. Hard to keep it planted in the substrate. I had left it floating at the surface. Good hiding place for fry. But eventually I threw it away. Limnophila sessiliflora Pistia stratiotes (Water lettuce) Was flourishing but died out later. Nesaea crassicaulis Growing quite well but found it occupied too much space. Rotala sp. "Nanjenshan" (Mayaca sellowiana) Removed as it is not growing well. Rotala wallichii Tried out this reddish plant. Needs much much more light. Salvinia cucullata Vesicularia dubyana

Planted tank 1 (current)

I bought this 2nd hand tank from another hobbyist. I like the short height of the setup. The tank plus its box cabinet is less than 4ft. And I can do my trimmings and water change without need for a chair or ladder.

Update 26-Mar-2008: Did a revamp of the tank. Removed the Anubias sp which is occupying a lot of space. In place, I planted more of Cryptocoryne and a few varieties of Echinodorus.

Date setup	3-Nov-2002
Tank dimensions	60"x24"x20" (128 gallons, 472 litres)
Substrate	JBL base fertiliser (3 x 5kg? bags); Cocopeat (4 x 5L bags); topped up by 1" gravel
Filter	Eheim 2028; containing some coral chips
Lighting	432 (3.4 W/Gal) consisting of: 12 x 36W AEC PL 6500K (usually 6 ~ 9 tubes are turned on)
Lighting duration	10 hours / day
pH	6.8~7
kH	2~4 dkH
CO2	Supplied by CO2 tank.
Fertilisation	Daily: Dr. Mallick's Trace Element Mix for Aquatic Plants Weekly: 10ppm K via K2SO4, 2~3 ppm PO4 via KH2PO4
Water change	50% weekly
Fish	Harlequin Rasbora Bosemani Rainbowfish Neon Rainbowfish Red Rainbowfish Dwarf Suckermouth Catfish (Otocinclus Affinis) Khuli Loach Neon Tetra Black Neon Tetra Green Neon Tetra Cardinal Tetra Siamese Algae Eater Shrimps Yamato shrimps
Plants	Anubias barteri v. nana Blyxa aubertii Cryptocoryne balansae Cryptocoryne becketii Cryptocoryne wendtii Cyperus helferi Echinodorus bleheri (paniculatus) Echinodorus 'Oriental' Echinodorus schlueteri 'GREEN LEOPARD' Echinodorus parviflorus 'Tropica' Echinodorus 'Rubin' Echinodorus tenellus Eichhornia diversifolia Lobelia cardinalis Microsorium pteropus sp. Sagittaria platyphylla
Past Plants	Bacopa monnieria Echinodorus parviflorus 'Tropica' Makes a nice, slow-growing foreground plant. Echinodorus quadricostatus "magdalenensis" Eichhornia diversifolia Elatine triandra (aka APP, Ah Pek Plant) Eusteralis stellata Got shaded by others. So decided to give it up. Echinodorus 'Osiris' Hemianthus micranthemoides Hygrophila corymbosa "Angustifolia" Hygrophila corymbosa "Stricta" Hygrophila polysperma Ludwigia repens Nymphaea sp. (Red Lotus) Rotala macrandra Rotala rotundifolia (indica)

Planted tank 2 (old)

Inspired by Diana Walstad's book Ecology of the Planted Aquarium and her method of using soil as substrate, I started this tank in the office. And guess what? The soil method works great.

I have yet to try her other methods of plant care where she suggests using less light, no CO2 injection, no water change and no fertiliser. Just rely on fish food!

Date setup	26-December-2000
Date torn down	31-Jan-2002 (Lifespan: 1 yr 1 mth)
Tank dimensions	22"x12"x14" (~15 gallons, ~60 litres)
Substrate	Cocopeat soil (2"); pH neutral sand (1"); a handful of coral chips. I had tested out some packets of potting mix but found this one sold at Cold Storage to give the clearest water and neutral pH after some days of settling down. Only SGD$1.99 per pack. I used two packs.
Filter	Eheim Professional 2222
Lighting	72W (4.4 W/Gal) consisting of: 4 x 18W Hitachi Daylight [upgraded from 36W on 6-Jul-01]. The lights are housed in an air-con trunking. DIY hood made from air-con trunking.
Lighting duration	10 hours / day
Temperature	28C, controlled by a heater. Otherwise it will be 22C in this air-con room
pH	~ 7-7.2
kH	~ 4-8 dkH depending on water change frequency; tap water is 2 dkH in Jurong area.
CO2	DIY CO2
Fertilisation	Dr. Mallick's Nutrient Solution for Aquatic Plants - cheap and good SGD$8.50 for 500ml.
Water change/ Maintenance	30% monthly or two months. But 3 to 4L of fresh water is added weekly due to evaporation in air-con room. Filter cleaned once in two months
Fish	Angel fish (3) Chinese Algae-eater (1) Dwarf Gourami (1) Neon Tetra (Paracheirodon innesi) (4) Dwarf Suckermouth Catfish (Otocinclus Affinis) (8) Rummy Nose Tetra (Petitella georgiae) (15) Platy (1) Siamese Algae Eater (2) Lyre-tailed Swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri) (0) some freshwater prawn (~5)
Plants (plants in bold are growing very well)	Bacopa caroliniana This plant grew better in this tank than the one at home. Echinodorus tenellus Hemianthus micranthemoides Sometimes not growing well. Limnophila sessiliflora Lobelia cardinalis Riccia fluitans Two types: One floating, one sinking. Rotala macrandra Rotala rotundifolia (indica) Bottom part sometimes blackish. Probably lack of light. But top part can seem to be growing well as it looked reddish. Sagittaria subulata Salvinia ariculata This is my "work horse" plant used to remove excess nutrients in the tank. Vallisneria tortifolia
Past Plants	Cabomba caroliniana Removed to try out other plants. Cabomba furcata Died off slowly. Ceratopteris thalictroides Removed as it is really growing out of hand. Echinodorus parviflorus 'Tropica' Very deep-rooted into the soil. Grew well. Removed to make space for others. Eusteralis stellata Glossostigma elatinoides Died off because of insufficient light initially. And overshadowed by Echinodorus tenellus. Hygrophila difformis Growing too well. Hygrophila polysperma 'Rosanervig' Removed as it is really growing out of hand. Lemna minor (Duckweed) Rotala rotundifolia (indica) Grew black spots on the stems. Rotala sp. "Nanjenshan" (Mayaca sellowiana) Didn't grow well. Rotala wallichii Seem to be munched upon by SAE.

Planted tank 2 (old)

We upgraded the above tank in end Jan to a bigger 2.5 ft version as we have a cabinet of that size to put. We used the same method as above in planting.

We put in new plants and transferred sme old plants over. Fish were transferred over the next few days with one or two casualties. The filter was reused and the media was not washed to preserve the bacteria.

Date setup	31-Jan-2002
Date decommissioned	22-Aug-2003 (Lifespan: 1 yr 7 mths)
Tank dimensions	30"x15"x16" (~30 gallons, ~117 litres)
Substrate	Cocopeat soil (2"); pH neutral sand (1"); I used three packs of cocopeat.
Filter	Eheim Professional 2222; with a fistful mesh bag of coral chips inside to provide the Ca and Mg nutrients.
Lighting	144W (4.5 W/Gal) consisting of: 4 x 36W AEC PL 6500K tubes. The lights are D-I-Y in two of such air-con trunkings, Exploded view of the light set, 2x36W E-ballast, E-ballast connection, PL light connection (cheaper method), Light holders (more costly).
Lighting duration	10 hours / day
Temperature	26~28C, controlled by a heater. Otherwise it will be 22C in this air-con room
pH	7
kH	4
CO2	DIY CO2
Fertilisation	Daily: Dr. Mallick's Lushgro-MICROS; Weekly: 10ppm K via K2SO4, 3 ppm Mg via MgSO4. Twice-weekly: 0.5ppm PO4 via KH2PO4.
Water change/ Maintenance	50% fortnightly. But 3 to 4L of fresh water added weekly due to evaporation in air-con room.
Fish	Angel fish (3) Carindal Tetra (30) Discus (3) Dwarf Suckermouth Catfish (Otocinclus Affinis) (4) Lyre-tailed Swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri) (3) Neon Tetra (Paracheirodon innesi) (3) Rummy Nose Tetra (Petitella georgiae) (9) Yamatos (20) some freshwater prawn (~5)
Plants (plants in bold are growing very well)	Bacopa caroliniana This plant grew better in this tank than the one at home. Blyxa japonica Cyperus helferi Echinodorus 'Oriental' Eichhornia diversifolia Elatine triandra (aka APP, Ah Pek Plant) Eleocharis acicularis (Hair Grass) Eusteralis stellata Limnobium laevigatum (South American Frogbit, Amazon Frogbit) This is my "work horse" plant used to remove excess nutrients in the tank. Lobelia cardinalis Ludwigia arcuata Ludwigia brevipes Rotala macrandra Salvinia ariculata This is my "work horse" plant used to remove excess nutrients in the tank. Vallisneria tortifolia Vesicularia spec. Bogwood (Christmas Moss)
Past Plants	Alternanthera reineckii "Lilacina" Anubias barteri v. nana Eleocharis acicularis (Hair Grass) BBA infested. Gratiola sp. Glossostigma elatinoides Heteranthera zosterifolia (Star Grass) Too much of a hassle to maintain. At times it can grow so fast; other times hardly growing. Riccia fluitans Too messy to upkeep. Rotala wallichii Seem to be munched upon by SAE.

Planted tank 2 (old)

Yet again we upgraded the above tank to a bigger 3.5 ft version. This time we dismantled the old tank completely. We salvaged the top 1" layer of gravel for reuse. A holding area for the fish was prepared days before using the old tank water. A day before new setup, we remove all the fish and plants. The filter bacteria was kept alive by running it in the old tank water. The pail of water was used in the new tank setup to kick-start the cycling process. The filter media was also transferred to the new filter.

Plant fertilisation started on day 1. By day 3 and 4, all the fish were transferred over.

The major difference of this tank and previous ones is the use of a back-drop of X'mas Moss. The tank height is also higher.

We decided to give up the extremely well-growing Bacopa caroliniana and Eichhornia diversifolia to have more reddish/orangy plants for a change.

Date setup	23-Aug-2003
Date decommissioned	10-Jun-2008 (Lifespan: 4 yrs 10 mths)
Tank dimensions	105cm x 40cm x 50cm (~56 gallons, ~210 litres)
Substrate	Cocopeat soil plus JBL base fertiliser (2"); pH neutral sand (1"); I used three packs of cocopeat plus 1 bag of JBL. We used the JBL hopefully it can boost growth. :)
Filter	Eheim ECCO 2235; with a fistful mesh bag of coral chips inside to provide the Ca and Mg nutrients.
Lighting	216W (3.8 W/Gal) consisting of: 6 x 36W AEC PL 6500K tubes. The lights are D-I-Y into the hood and an air-con trunking.
Lighting duration	10 hours / day
Temperature	26C (in air-con room with heater)
pH	7
kH	4
CO2	2L CO2 cannister
Fertilisation	Daily: Dr. Mallick's Lushgro-Aqua, Lushgro-MICROS; Weekly: 10ppm K via K2SO4, < 1ppm Mg SO4. Twice-weekly: 0.75ppm PO4 via KH2PO4.
Water change/ Maintenance	50% weekly.
Fish	A. nijsenni (2) Carindal Tetra (5) Discus (2) Dwarf Suckermouth Catfish (Otocinclus Affinis) (4) Harlequin Rasbora (50) Lyre-tailed Swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri) (5) Papiliochromis/Microgeophagus ramirezi (4) Yamatos (~5) some freshwater prawn (~5)
Plants (plants in bold are growing very well)	Alternanthera reineckii "lilacina" Barclaya longifolia Blyxa japonica Cryptocoryne sp. Cyperus helferi Echinodorus 'Oriental' Eleocharis acicularis (Hair Grass) Eusteralis stellata Hygrophila corymbosa "Compact" Hygrophila corymbosa "Stricta" Limnobium laevigatum (South American Frogbit, Amazon Frogbit) This is my "work horse" plant used to remove excess nutrients in the tank. Lobelia cardinalis Ludwigia arcuata Ludwigia brevipes Proserpinaca palustris "Cuba" Rotala macrandra This is a "narrow leaf" variety replacing the previous one. Salvinia ariculata This is my "work horse" plant used to remove excess nutrients in the tank. Vesicularia spec. Bogwood (Christmas Moss)
Past Plants	Aponogeton madagascariensis Seem to have gone to sleep. Rotala macrandra Removed as it was growing too fast.

Planted tank 2 (old)

Update (7 Dec 2013): The tank has been decommissioned due to office renovation. A commemorative video had been created for memories.

Update (Oct 2008): Looking back at the old pictures of the 3.5ft over the last 5 years, the tank certainly has evolved and matured. But change is always there. This time out office had to shift to a new building in Jun 2008. So the tank had to be dismantled. It took me about 5 hours,

In Sep 2008, when we have settled down in the new office, the tank was set up again from start. The equipment and sand were all reused. I had kept the Ecco 2235 filter running by hooking it to another tank at home. So it was ready for action when I started the new setup.

Date setup	19-Sep-2008
Date decommissioned	7-Dec-2013 (Lifespan: 5 yrs 3 mths)
Tank dimensions	105cm x 40cm x 50cm (~56 gallons, ~210 litres)
Substrate	Cocopeat soil (2"); pH neutral sand (1"); I used 3 packs of cocopeat laced with Ocean Free Root Monsters.
Filter	Eheim ECCO 2235; with a fistful mesh bag of coral chips inside to provide the Ca and Mg nutrients.
Lighting	216W (3.8 W/Gal) consisting of: 6 x 36W Osram PL 6500K tubes. The lights are D-I-Y into the hood and an air-con trunking.
Lighting duration	10 hours / day
Temperature	26C (in air-con room)
pH	7
kH	4
CO2	2L CO2 cannister
Fertilisation	Daily: Dr. Mallick's Rexolin APN; Weekly: 10ppm K via K2SO4, Twice-weekly: 2 x 0.75ppm PO4 via KH2PO4.
Water change/ Maintenance	50% weekly.
Fish	Dwarf Suckermouth Catfish (Otocinclus Affinis) (4) Neon Tetras (~70) Pencil Fish (8) Papiliochromis/Microgeophagus ramirezi (4) Yamatos (~10) Khuli Loach (4)
Plants	Anubias sp. Cryptocoryne sp. Cyperus helferi Didiplis diandra (Water Hedge) Eleocharis acicularis (Hair Grass) Ludwigia arcuata (Narrow Leaf Ludwigia) Microsorum pteropus (Java Fern) Spiky Moss
Past Plants

Tank 3 (Apisto tank) (old)

I was actually inspired by Amano's tank using Hair Grass and Glosso. Tried to do the same but didn't have the master's touch. And later, the Glosso did not stay low as intended so I pulled them all away and replace with more Hair Grass. It looked much better now. Out of curiosity, I tried out Apistogramma species. The habitat is not "Apisto" though. I will migrate them later to a bigger tank.

Date setup	1-Mar-2002
Date disassesmbled	8-Mar-2003 (Lifespan: 1 yr)
Tank dimensions	22"x11"x11" (~10 gallons, ~43 litres)
Substrate	Cocopeat soil (1"); pH neutral sand (thin layer); a handful of coral chips. I used one packs of cocopeat.
Filter	Eden 106 pump. Hidden in a box filter and DIY spray bar. The older Eden 304 filter broke down after 2 months of use.
Lighting	72W (6.1 W/Gal) consisting of: 4 x 18W Hitachi FL tubes. The lights are D-I-Y in two air-con trunking. I think there's too much light. I will reduce it in future.
Lighting duration	6 hours / day
Temperature	30C
pH	6.8
kH	2
CO2	DIY CO2. The reactor is hidden in the box filter.
Fertilisation	Daily: Dr. Mallick's Trace Element Mix for Aquatic Plants; Weekly: 20ppm K via K2SO4
Water change/ Maintenance	50% weekly.
Fish	Apistogramma sp. (8): A. agassizii (male), A. gibbiceps (male), A. "Rotkeil", A. nijsenni (female), A. nijsenni (male), A. nijsenni (pair), A. macmasteri (male) Green Neon (9) LambChop Rasbora (12) Dwarf Suckermouth Catfish (Otocinclus Affinis) (5) some freshwater prawn (~5)
Plants	Ceratophyllum demersum Eleocharis acicularis (Hair Grass) Limnobium laevigatum (South American Frogbit, Amazon Frogbit)
Past plants	Glossostigma elatinoides Somehow melted and not growing in the manner I wish, so I gave it up. Hemianthus micranthemoides

Tank 3 (current)

Update Feb-2003: I wanted to recreate an Apisto biotope. So I researched into the plants that grew in South America and even chose fish from the continent too. However, after setting up, I realise it is not an Apisto habitat for Apistos are more often found in places with lots of leaf litter and rarely having plants. Anyway, I will just let it be.

Update May 2007: The apistos has long since died off. Now trying to keep a Crypt tank with lesser maintenance.

Date setup	2-Feb-2003
Tank dimensions	30"x18"x18" (~43 gallons, ~159 litres)
Substrate	Cocopeat soil (2"); pH neutral sand (1"); laced with one pack of Ocean Free Root Monsters pellets. I used about 3 packs of cocopeat.
Filter	Eheim 2224. Some coral chips in filter media.
Lighting	144W (3.3 W/Gal) consisting of: 4 x 36W AEC 6500k PL tubes. The lights are D-I-Y using air-con trunking with aluminum reflectors.
Lighting duration	9 hours / day
Temperature	~30C
pH	7 ?
kH	4
CO2	CO2 tank. 1 bubble in 2 sec.
Fertilisation	Daily: Dr. Mallick's Lushgro-Aqua, Lushgro-MICROS; Weekly: 10ppm K via K2SO4, Twice weekly: 0.5ppm PO4 via KH2PO4, 10ppm NO3 via KNO3.
Water change/ Maintenance	50% weekly.
Fish	Apistogramma sp. (8): A. agassizii (pair), A. gibbiceps (male), A. nijsenni (female), A. nijsenni (male), A. borellii (2m,1f), Cardinal Tetra (~10) Neon Tetra (~20) X-ray Tetra (~20) Dwarf Suckermouth Catfish (Otocinclus Affinis) (10) Papiliochromis/Microgeophagus ramirezi (male), female (4) Pencilfish (5)
Plants	Alternanthera reineckii "Lilacina" Echinodorus quadricostatus "magdalenensis" Echinodorus "Rubin" Eichhornia diversifolia Hydrocotyle leucocephala Limnobium laevigatum (South American Frogbit, Amazon Frogbit) Ludwigia inclinata Salvinia ariculata
Past plants	nil

Links

Local

• Aquatic Quotient My favourite board.
• Aquarealms Bulletin Board
• Green Chapter Design, set up and maintain planted and marine aquarium, water features in homes, offices and public areas.
• Teo Soon Bock's Homepage Some comments and DIY stuff.

World wide

• Hoa G. Nguyen's Freshwater Planted Aquarium: Great DIY stuff for CO2, lighting.
• Chuck's Planted Aquarium Pages Good articles; efficient design for DIY CO2 reactor and other DIY stuff.
• FOXN`S AQUATIC HOMEPAGE Great planted tanks. Check out his list of Top 10 tanks in the world.
• Aquatic Plant Search Engine
• The Krib Probably all you ever need to know about planted tanks!
• Tropica Aquarium Plants Commercial plant farm in Denmark, great resource on plant needs.
• DENNERLE Aquaristik Check out their plant list and nice tank layouts.
• Aqua Botanic-Aquarium Plants and Aquascaping A site dedicated to the care and upkeep of aquatic plants in the aquarium.
• Aquatic Concepts The Web site for Aquatic Gardeners by Aquatic Gardeners.

Links to subjects of interest

• Aquaria Articles Several articles on Setting up a New Planted Tank, Algae in a Planted Tank and more.
• All About Fish, Krill, Algae, and More: Resources for Aquarium Owners Links to many useful aquatic articles including marine tank setups. Many thanks for little Melanie and Ms. Katrina Barlow for sharing. :)

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