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Main aims of study

1. Examine how the Internet is incorporated into the faith and religious lives of Singaporeans.

2. Identify the factors that shape the social dynamics of religion online and online religion.

3. Identify the attitudes of religious authorities in Singapore towards the deployment and use of the Internet.

4. Compare the findings of Singaporeans use of the Internet for religious purpose with research done in other nations.


Methodology
There were three main levels to the study:

1. An overview of the extent and ways in which Singaporeans use the Internet for religious information. This analysis will rely on information collected from a telephone survey via random digit dialing to a representative sample of Singaporeans adults aged 18 and older.

2. A content analysis of a sample of religious web sites will be performed. Results should evidence the scope of religious activities available online, the degree of interactivity and virtual communities participation and the degree of global connections to larger, regional or international religious hubs and resources.

3. In-depth interviews with various religious leaders and the creators of their church's or temple's website. Embedded case study interviews will provide a rich set of observations based on thick descriptions of the actual use of a specific technology within a particular religious institutional setting. These embedded case studies should illustrate, in part, the social regulations and rules governing religious and online practices.


Internet and Religion Project
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Among the many activities users engage online, seeking religious information has been identified as a popular and important online activity in developed countries, such as the United States. The Pew Internet and American Life Project study on "cyberfaith" found that one-fifth of Americans have used the Internet for religious purposes, consequently, "more people have gotten religious or spiritual information online than have gambled online, used Web Auction sites, traded stocks online, placed phone calls on the Internet, done online banking, or used Internet-based dating services." (Larsden, 2001).

Singapore has one of the highest Internet penetration rates in the world, and 85% of Singaporeans affiliate themselves with one of the main religious traditions of the country including Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, or traditional Chinese religions. This leaves Singapore in the ideal position to examine and better understand how the Internet can be used for religious purposes.

Jointly funded by the Institute of Policy Studies and the Singapore Internet Project, this project examines how Singaporeans use the internet to gain information about religions; both their own and others, and the ways in which Singapore based religious web sites portray their faiths.

Poster design and concept
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This poster designed and produced by Ms Chen Yanli, a research assistant, and URECA student working with Executive Director Randy Kluver on SIRC's Internet and Religion project received the bronze medal for her poster featuring her research in the recent NTU-URECA poster competition.

Below is her poster and her explanation for the design of the poster.

The tagline' God Goes Online' is rather tongue-in-cheek, so I decided to keep that in mind while designing the poster. I parodied Michelangelo’s Creation of Adam on Sistine Chapel to bring this across. One reason for choosing an artwork associated so strongly with Christianity is not to sideline other religions like Islam or Taoism, but to show that from common observation, Christian web sites dominate the internet compared to any other ‘God’ from other religions. This is one research question that we may like to answer. I’ve played down the Christian element by focusing on a close-up of the hands. Another reason why I chose a close-up is to illustrate a main theme that surfaced during our interviews with key religious leaders: Most felt that internet lacks the personal touch needed for religious experiences to take place. On the other hand (pardon the pun), others saw the internet as a tool that is able to promote religious experiences like any other medium. The fingers reaching out to each other across a white space suggests this ambivalence. I 'photoshoped' a lens flare at the tip of God’s finger to emphasis this.

In the initial design there were some misconceptions that the research study asserts that God is online, which is not exactly what our research study is suggesting. So I added a question mark to the tagline to clarify that this is something doubtful and is something that we would like to explore in our research study. "An exploration of religion & Internet use in Singapore” to the title as a clarification of the title.

In the main image however, I’ve decided that God should dangle the mouse from his hand instead of having Adam holding the mouse. This is because there’s nothing special about a human using a mouse, instead we want to know if there’s a relationship between religiosity and internet use. I used a red mouse for the picture because it stands out better. Secondly, God dangles the mouse instead of using the mouse because really, God does not use the internet. More likely, people perceive God online. This is one assertion that we need to back up or refute with what our research results suggest.

 

Internet and Religion Report

By Randolph Kluver, Benjamin Detenber, Lee Wai Peng, Shahiraa Sahul Hameed and Pauline Hope Cheong.

The report for the Internet and religion project is now available. Click here to view the report.


Key survey findings

On the whole, use of the Internet for religious purposes was present across most segments of society. Although there were some differences, Singaporeans who used the Internet for religious purposes are fairly evenly distributed across gender, income levels and various age groups. There are, however, differences in religious Internet use across the 4 main religious groups (Buddhists, Christians, Muslims and Freethinkers) in Singapore. Christians were most likely to use the internet, and not surprisingly, free thinkers were least likely to use the Internet for religious purposes.

SIRC Associates and students involved in the project.

SIRC Associates

1. Dr Randy Kluver
2. Dr Ben Detenber
3. Dr Lee Wai Peng
4. Shahiraa Sahul Hameed

Research Assistants

1. Ms Chen Yanli
2. Mr. Jap Hendry

A sign posted outside a Filipino church

 




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