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General Overview
Singapore's efforts to reclaim land from the sea have produced large areas of land with highly permeable, shallow sand aquifers. By 2002 reclamation efforts at Changi will have produced roughly 30km2 of land, with a potential storage capacity exceeding 70 million m3. If ASR is found to be feasible at Changi and similar sites such as Tuas, ASR could play a substantial role in Singapore's attempts to lessen its dependence on foreign supplies. The research proposed herein involves an integrated suite of laboratory, field, and modeling efforts designed to determine the water quality and hydrologic suitability of ASR at Changi. It will consider the effects of rainfall, seawater intrusion, and level of treatment of the water injected into the aquifer. The work will generate a mathematical model that can be used to simulate operation of various ASR system layouts and operational regimes. If ASR is found to be technically feasible decision makers will be able to use the model to help determine if ASR is compatible with planned land uses and to develop full scale systems that insure production of high quality water at the lowest cost.
CWP researchers from NTU and Stanford
at the Changi reclaimed land
To support the ASR studies the research programme will also include development of water quality analytic (WQA) capabilities in Singapore. Assessment of the suitability and safety of reclaimed water and of chemical and biological transformations during conventional treatment and ASR requires the ability to identify and quantify specific compounds at trace, parts per billion or less, levels. In addition to being a crucial part of this research the WQA capabilities developed through this research programme will give Singapore an important tool for future work on water, wastewater, and remediation issues.
The work will be a joint effort between Nanyang Technological University and Stanford University.